Protect Yourself from Frostbite

Protecting Yourself in Freezing Temperatures

Winter in the Midwest can be as dangerous as it is beautiful. With temperatures frequently plunging below freezing and bitter winds, frostbite is a real risk. Whether shoveling snow or taking a brisk walk, understanding how to prevent frostbite is essential to staying safe in our unpredictable winters.

Winter weather can be beautiful, but it also comes with risks. Frostbite is a serious condition caused by exposure to extreme cold, and if not treated promptly, it can lead to permanent tissue damage. Understanding how to prevent, recognize, and treat frostbite is essential to staying safe during the colder months.

What Is Frostbite?

Frostbite occurs when skin and underlying tissues freeze due to prolonged exposure to cold temperatures. Commonly affected areas include fingers, toes, nose, ears, cheeks, and chin. The condition progresses in stages:

• Frostnip: the first stage of frostbite that doesn’t cause permanent damage, causes the skin to look pale or red, and sensations of cold, prickly, and numbness.
• Superficial Frostbite: the second stage of frostbite where previously red skin becomes pale or turns white, and ice crystals form on the skin. The skin may feel warm despite these changes — a warning sign of skin damage.
• Severe Frostbite involves deeper tissues, leading to hard, numb skin that may turn black as the tissue dies.

When people usually think of burns, they think of heat-related burns, but frostbite is a cold-related thermal burn or skin injury when the temperatures drop

Signs and Symptoms of Frostbite

Being outdoors in the Midwest winter weather can put you at risk for frostbite, especially in exposed areas like the fingers, toes, nose, and cheeks.

Look out for:

• Red, white, or grayish-yellow skin discoloration
• A numb, prickly, or burning sensation
• Skin that feels waxy or hard to the touch
• Blisters forming after rewarming

If you notice these signs, it’s time to get indoors and act fast to prevent further damage.

5 Tips to Prevent Frostbite

1. Dress in Layers and Cover Exposed Skin
   Layer up with a moisture-wicking base, an insulating middle layer, and a windproof outer layer. Scarves, gloves, and hats are essential. Consider mittens for better warmth, and always keep your face covered if wind chills are severe.
2. Stay Dry
   Snowy conditions can soak clothing, increasing heat loss. When traveling around Iowa, keep extra dry gloves, socks, or even a scarf in your car or bag.
3. Limit Time Outdoors
   When wind chills dip below zero, avoid unnecessary exposure. Take frequent breaks indoors to warm up if you shovel snow or work outside.
4. Keep an Eye on the Weather
   Central Iowa residents know how quickly winter weather can change. Check local weather updates, including wind chill advisories, before heading out. The National Weather Service in Des Moines offers reliable, real-time alerts.
5. Be Prepared for Emergencies
   Keep a winter survival kit in your car. Include blankets, hand warmers, extra gloves, and non-perishable snacks if you get stranded.

Here are some additional winter weather preparedness tips. You can also check our previous blog “Keeping Your Health in Check during the Winter“.

What to Do If You Suspect Frostbite

If you notice signs of frostbite while out in winter weather, take these steps immediately:

1. Move Indoors Quickly
   Find a warm, dry place as soon as possible.
2. Gradually Rewarm the Affected Area
   Soak frostbitten skin in warm (not hot) water for 15-30 minutes. Avoid direct heat sources like heating pads, as they can cause burns on numb skin.
3. Protect the Skin
   Cover the area with a sterile, non-stick bandage. Keep fingers and toes separated with gauze.
4. Seek Medical Attention
   Severe frostbite requires professional care.

Frostbite is preventable with the right precautions and awareness. Whether shoveling snow, hiking, or just enjoying a winter day outdoors, staying prepared and alert can protect you from this serious cold-weather danger.

If you have concerns about frostbite or need personalized advice, consult a medical professional. Stay warm, stay safe, and enjoy winter responsibly!

Share this blog with your family and friends to help them stay frostbite-free this winter!